Testosterone enanthate is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used mainly in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men.[2][3][4] It is also used in hormone therapy for transgender men.[5] It is given by injection into muscle or subcutaneously usually once every one to four weeks.[4][6][1]

Side effects of testosterone enanthate include symptoms of masculinization like acne, increased hair growth, voice changes, and increased sexual desire.[4] The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).[7][4] It has strong androgenic effects and moderate anabolic effects, which make it useful for producing masculinization and suitable for androgen replacement therapy.[4] Testosterone enanthate is a testosterone ester and a long-lasting prodrug of testosterone in the body.[6][2][3] Because of this, it is considered to be a natural and bioidentical form of testosterone.[8]

Testosterone enanthate was introduced for medical use in 1954.[9][3] Along with testosterone cypionate, testosterone undecanoate, and testosterone propionate, it is one of the most widely used testosterone esters.[7][3][4] In addition to its medical use, testosterone enanthate is used to improve physique and performance.[4] The drug is a controlled substance in many countries and so non-medical use is generally illicit.[4]